distance relay element design
The constructional design of this type of relay can be a balanced beam-type or induction disc type that operates instantaneously for the fault up to a predetermined distance from the relay. Time Distance Relay impedance reactance or mho type.
Distance 21 Protection Electric Power Measurement And Control Systems Automation Textbook
Distance Relay Element Design proceedings of the 46th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers College Station TX.
. In this paper we evaluate two types of phase distance elements. AbstractUnderstanding and testing distance elements require linking the theory related to their design to the fault voltages and currents used during tests. This paper discusses the theory deriving the characteristics of phase and ground distance elements with a focus on three in particular.
A backup distance relay initiated the November 9th 1965 blackout when it tripped on load on one of five 230kV lines out of the Sir Adam Beck No. The purpose of this paper is to discuss fundamental features of the three types of functions and possible problems that may be encountered in their design and application. Moreover a great deal of de facto standardization of distance element design took place.
Historically all distance elements based on measuring are an apparent impedance between the line terminal and the fault location. Because its work principle depends on the ratio of voltage and current. Compensator Distance Element.
2 Hydroelectric plant on the Niagara River in Ontario. Reverse Phase-Phase Faults and Phase Distance Elements The operating quantities for phase distance elements use phase-phase currents. Work Principles of Distance Protection Relay.
Distance relay measures the voltage v and current i at one end of the line. 1 Design of numerical distance relay for real time testing real time analog signal processing ie. Schweitzer III and 1.
Schweitzer III and J. A distance relay can derive the distance element operating signal 1 as an instantaneous signal a time-domain approach or as a phasor through band -pass filtering a frequency -domain approach. Construction of Definite Distance Relay.
Distance functions have been in use for many years and have progressed from the original electro-mechanical types thr ough analog types and now up to digital types of functions. Its one coil get energized by voltage and the other coil get energized by the current. It is considered to be non-directional since it operates on both sides of a lines fault.
Phase distance elements using phase-pairs AB BC and CA and positive-sequence voltage memory polarization. Is to supervise the ground distance elements with an independent directional element. Different types of relay have different work principles.
The below shows the balanced. Roberts Distance Relay Element Design proceedings of the 47th Annual Texas AM Conference for Protective Relay Engineers College Station TX April 1993. Enable the relay elements you want to use 1 means enabled 0 means disabled E50P1 1 E50P2 1 E50G1 1 E50G2 1 Relay Pickup Settings default values set very small Level_1_50P 05 Level_2_50P 05.
Definite Distance Relay. The terms distance element and impedance element became somehow synonymous. Eg the BC-phase distance element uses IB IC in its operating quantity where IB and IC are the B-phase and C-phase.
It is unable to distinguish between interior and exterior line faults. We must consider the principles of operation for the relays under study. Elements to enable the distance element if the current exceeds a threshhold that ensures that it is a fault.
This paper shows that todays distance elements have been closely tuned to the characteristics of the power network especially the persistent characteristics of synchronous generators. Distance Relay Element Design. Distance relays are characterised by having two input quantities proportional to the voltage and current at a particular point in the power system referred to as the relaying point.
The intent to improve the distance element performance drove this close alignment between the distance element design choices and the network characteristics. As far back as November 9th 1965 distance relays have been identified as tripping undesirably on line loading during significant system events. Numerical distance relay code in HDL verilog v rybi rybCOE le bit le generation code validation using ISim code validation using Chipscope Pro Real Time Oscilloscope Fig.
Distance relay is of two types. A distance relay apparatus includes a directional relay element which performs computation to detect a fault which occurs in the forward direction from an installing point of the relay apparatus based on a voltage and a current which are received from an object to be protected a zone-1 distance relay element which performs computation to detect a fault within a predetermined. The disadvantages of distance relay or impedance_relay are shown below.
Anti-aliasing filter sampling and digital signal pre-. The distance relays function is influenced by the resistance of a fault lines arc. For analysis let us use phasors to represent the distance element regardless operation of a particular relay design.
Also evaluate the elements with changes in source locations.
